Proto germanic definition is the assumed ancestral language of the germanic languages. The reconstructed prehistoric ancestor of the germanic languages. West germanic, east germanic and north germanic, which however remained in contact over a considerable time. Guus kroonen the germanic languages, which include english, german, dutch and scandinavian, belong to the beststudied languages in the world, but the picture of their parent language, protogermanic, continues to evolve. All linguistic components are taken into consideration. Leiden indoeuropean etymological dictionary series, volume. Protogermanic phonology differs significantly from protoindaeuropean. So protogermanic in the end was crafted out of crisis. For example, protogermanic furkhtaz, protosemitic prkh, fright. An etymological dictionary discusses the etymology of the words listed. Saga of isarnwulfaz, the king of gains protogermanic. It seems that its final development was in the compact region of the jastorf culture. My linguistic research focuses around the indoeuropean.
Protogermanic synonyms, protogermanic pronunciation, protogermanic translation, english dictionary definition of protogermanic. Etymological dictionary of protogermanic bulgariistoria. Choose from 500 different sets of proto indo european flashcards on quizlet. This book describes the earliest reconstructable stages of the prehistory of english. West germanic, east germanic and north germanic, which however remained in contact over a considerable. The nonindoeuropean substrate hypothesis attempts to explain the anomalous features of protogermanic as a result of creolization between an indoeuropean and a nonindoeuropean language. Jun 22, 2017 proto germanic is a reconstructed language. Aug 31, 2006 this book describes the earliest reconstructable stages of the prehistory of english. The protogermanic language pg is supposed to have split form the indoeuropean language ie some time between 15 th and 10 th c. It acquired a number of new vowels, both short and long, and the stress was retracted to the vowel of the first root syllable of a word. Due to a shift of the indaeuropean stops, protogermanic also acquired a large amount of new fricatives, both voiced and voiceless. Protogermanic is listed in the worlds largest and most authoritative dictionary database of abbreviations and acronyms.
My linguistic research focuses around the indo european. The indoeuropean etymological dictionaries online iedo reconstructs the lexicon for the most important languages and language branches of indoeuropean. Phonologically, it includes the important sound changes known as grimms law and verners law, which introduced a large number of fricatives. The word order in protogermanic is more dependent on which words are being stressed, with the most important parts moved to the front and rear of a sentence, less important aspects being left for the rest of the sentence.
Protogermanic definition, the unattested prehistoric parent language of the germanic languages. Germanic words of nonindoeuropean origin linguistics. All germanic languages are derived from protogermanic, spoken in iron. Can the fact that these were loaned from germanic into latin be. Gmc has sometimes been referred to as a homogeneous protolanguage. Grimms law, that has introduced the fricative consonants f, h and. Looking for online definition of protogermanic or what protogermanic stands for. Often, large dictionaries, such as the oxford english dictionary and websters, will contain some etymological information, without aspiring to focus on etymology etymological dictionaries are the product of research in historical linguistics.
Jun 30, 2015 first one in proto germanic, will probably be more down the road. This is a dictionary of reconstructed protogermanic including rich etymological data. Jan 20, 2020 hypothetical prehistoric ancestor language of all germanic languages, including english. Etymological dictionary of proto germanic kratylos 61. Protogermanic definition is the assumed ancestral language of the germanic languages. Learn proto indo european with free interactive flashcards. Although the bulk of germanic words have an indoeuropean origin, a substantial number of fundamental vocabulary.
Words that have proto germanic origins you go words. From protoindoeuropean to protogermanic department of. Pdf the article is devoted to the description of iconic words in a reconstructed protogermanic language and to the problems of their detection and study. For many words in any language, the etymology will be uncertain, disputed, or.
The role of the foot and the phonological word pdf, zas. The ancient germans the teutons moved further north and settled on the southern coast of the baltic seaand in the region of the elbe. Publication date 1891 topics german language dictionaries publisher london, bell collection. Proto germanic language synonyms, proto germanic language pronunciation, proto germanic language translation, english dictionary definition of proto germanic language.
Population genetic studies have provided incontrovertible evidence that ancient germanic culture and ethnicity arose from the fusion of the mesolithic inhabitants of scandinavia linked to ydna haplogroup i1 and indoeuropean people associated with haplogroups r1a and r1b. This grammar of protogermanic is designed to provide a comprehensive but. If anyone who happens to know proto germanic better than i do stumbles into this, feel free to leave corrections on anything i may. The next volume will consider the development of protogermanic. This project reached a major milestone in april 2003 with completion of hand corrections of the entire text. Protonorse also called protoscandinavian, primitive norse, protonordic, ancient nordic, ancient scandinavian, old nordic, citation needed old scandinavian, citation needed protonorth germanic, north protogermanic or common scandinavian was an indoeuropean language spoken in scandinavia that is thought to have evolved as a northern dialect of protogermanic in the first centuries ce. Protogermanic is the reconstructed protolanguage of the germanic branch of the. Protogermanic language synonyms, protogermanic language pronunciation, protogermanic language translation, english dictionary definition of protogermanic language.
The pragmatic component is dealt with in the introduction, and to some extent in chapter six on semantics and culture, in. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. This was probably the time in which protogermanic borrowed the celtic words for iron and king. Definition of protogermanic dictionary by merriamwebster. It outlines the grammar of protoindoeuropean, considers the changes by which one dialect of that prehistoric language developed into protogermanic, and provides a detailed account of the grammar of protogermanic.
Etymological dictionary of proto germanic pdf dictionary. Saga of isarnwulfaz, the king of gains protogermanic youtube. This proto germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. Add length, starts with, ends in, origins, and more with word search filters. Proto germanic phonology differs significantly from proto indaeuropean. The germanic languages are a branch of the indoeuropean language family spoken natively by a population of about 515 million people mainly in europe, north america, oceania and southern africa. Dec 16, 2006 improved pdf version by dieter studer 16 dec 2006 4. The germanic roots of wine, street, cheese, and many other words were loaned into protogermanic from latin during the zero period.
In english there is fairly rigid word order due to its lack of inflexions. Proto germanic is listed in the worlds largest and most authoritative dictionary database of abbreviations and acronyms. Guus kroonen, etymological dictionary of protogermanic english 20 isbn. Hawkins sets forth the arguments for a germanic substrate. Preface this grammar of protogermanic is designed to provide a comprehensive but concise treatment of the language from approximately 2500 b. It outlines the grammar of protoindoeuropean, considers the changes by which one dialect of that prehistoric language developed into protogermanic, and provides a detailed account of. Proto norse also called proto scandinavian, primitive norse, proto nordic, ancient nordic, ancient scandinavian, old nordic, citation needed old scandinavian, citation needed proto north germanic, north proto germanic or common scandinavian was an indoeuropean language spoken in scandinavia that is thought to have evolved as a northern dialect of proto germanic in the first centuries ce. The oldest germanic languages all share a number of features, which are assumed to be inherited from proto germanic. This grammar of proto germanic is designed to provide a comprehensive but concise treatment of the language from approximately 2500 b.
Protogermanic definition of protogermanic by merriam. Protogermanic definition and meaning collins english. It is a rich and voluminous online reference source for historical and general linguists. Proto germanic definition, the unattested prehistoric parent language of the germanic languages. So proto germanic in the end was crafted out of crisis. The protogermanic shift ao and early germanic linguistic contacts. This book offers reconstructions of various syntactic properties of protogermanic, including verb position in main clauses, the syntax of the whsystem, and the nonoccurrence of null pronominal subjects and objects. The dictionary includes the following categories of proto germanic words. In modern english these are reduced to two cases in nouns, a general case that does duty. Protogermanic was a gendered language with three genders, masculine feminine and neuter. It included six or more diff erent cases, three numbers, three genders, two voices, and three moods. Information and translations of protogermanic in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web.
Syntactic reconstruction and protogermanic paperback. Proto germanic synonyms, proto germanic pronunciation, proto germanic translation, english dictionary definition of proto germanic. Due to a shift of the indaeuropean stops, proto germanic also acquired a large amount of new fricatives, both voiced and voiceless. The history of the diffusion of the germanic languages is the history of barbarian migrations at the end of the western roman empire see maps. Project muse preparing an etymological dictionary of proto. The word order in proto germanic is more dependent on which words are being stressed, with the most important parts moved to the front and rear of a sentence, less important aspects being left for the rest of the sentence.
As such, the terms in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. Dictionaries can be crosssearched, with an advance search for each individual dictionary enabling the user to perform more complex research queries. Other articles where protogermanic language is discussed. The germanic languages all having the same protogermanic origin include english, german, dutch, afrikaans, and some other languages, including more than a few that are now extinct. The old version of the xml file is still the one indexed for the search system, because sean hasnt had a chance to fix the programs for the new version. Protogermanic had only six cases, the functions of ablative place from which and locative place in which being taken over by constructions of preposition plus the dative case. Its words and roots are not directly attested in any written works, but have been reconstructed through the comparative method, which finds regular similarities between languages that cannot be explained by coincidence or wordborrowing, and extrapolates ancient forms from these similarities. This book is the first since 1897 to describe the earliest reconstructable stages of the prehistory of english. Newest protogermanic questions linguistics stack exchange. There are about 750 common etymological units of sinoindoeuropean corpus, of which 29 are found only in scandinavian languages, 458 are found in protogermanic, 482 are found in protoindoeuropean there are some overlaps with protogermanic. Project muse preparing an etymological dictionary of. The etymological dictionary of protogermanic traces back the ecuaciones diferenciales problemas. The irruption of germanic peoples in central, east, and west europe including the roman empire the barbarian invasions from classical sources, renamed the migration period since the romantic era suggests a r1b1a1a2a1a1u106dominated west germanic area, and viking migrations point to different clans belonging to r1b1a1a2a1a1u106, i1. Leiden indoeuropean etymological dictionary series alexander lubotsky vounen etapa hires da id etymological dictionary of protogermanic guus kroonen brill tc en aie bn pp nein ain esate 00 suvareanono7 qc ph on ete bote hei hat ngs ica on hot na, sce etnandamator tae epee nt ee a ad sas st asap pent cnewangpuecapinate mse onupyiniy the cil prion ane eae teks iedennlire giz.
This list is based on crossref data as of 01 april 2020. This original t merged with the shifted t from the voiced consonant. Etymological dictionary of protogermanic leiden indo. It outlines the grammar of proto indoeuropean, considers the changes by which one dialect of that prehistoric language developed into proto germanic, and provides a detailed account of the grammar of proto germanic. This new etymological dictionary offers a wealth of material collected from old and new germanic sources, ranging from gothic to elfdalian, from old english to the swiss dialects, and incorporates several important advances in proto germanic phonology, morphology and derivation. This was probably the time in which proto germanic borrowed the celtic words for iron and king. The protogermanic language has never been recorded in written form. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Adams, encyclopedia of indoeuropean culture 1997, pp. In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content preparing an etymological dictionary of proto germanic edgar c. The most widely spoken germanic language, english, is the worlds most widely spoken language with an estimated 2 billion speakers.
359 633 246 417 351 405 14 148 1013 394 54 538 966 1168 464 1273 942 513 1437 815 767 1091 694 1216 497 796 996 1128 744 728 1267 398 1260 106 530 924 660